Neurobiological Impact of Psychological Trauma on the HPA Axis
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The content segments provide a comprehensive overview of the neurobiological impact of psychological trauma on the HPA axis, the stress response system in the body. The speaker emphasizes that trauma can have significant effects on the nervous system and brain, both in cases of acute trauma and cumulative trauma. Cumulative trauma refers to individuals exposed to extensive neglect, domestic violence, or repeated traumatic events. The presentation explores why PTSD symptoms may develop as a cumulative effect of trauma and discusses symptoms of dysfunction related to the HPA axis. It also offers interventions to help individuals who have experienced trauma. The speaker highlights the overlap between neurobiological abnormalities in PTSD and traumatic brain injury, suggesting a potential link between the two. Factors influencing the perception and impact of trauma are discussed, including proximity to the event, similarity to the victim, degree of helplessness, prior traumatic experiences, stress levels, mental health, and social support. The impact of stress on the HPA axis is explained, including the release of cortisol and its effects on various body processes. The presentation also delves into the role of hypo cortisolism and hypercortisolism in stress-related disorders. The speaker discusses the dysregulation of neurotransmitters in PTSD, such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and GABA, and their impact on symptoms. The potential role of glutamate and endogenous opioids in PTSD is also explored. The impact of trauma on brain structures like the hippocampus and amygdala is discussed, as well as the importance of prevention and early intervention. The speaker emphasizes the need for emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and problem-solving skills in managing PTSD and suggests evidence-based practices like CPT and EMDR.
The content segments provide a comprehensive overview of the neurobiological impact of psychological