GABA and Glutamate: What You Need to Know
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Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes' presentation delves into the complex world of neurotransmitters, particularly GABA and glutamate, highlighting their functions, interactions, and the delicate balance required for optimal mental health. Imbalances in these neurotransmitters can lead to a range of psychological and physiological issues, such as anxiety, irritability, depression, and even epilepsy. Factors contributing to these imbalances include nutrient deficiencies, poor diet, gut inflammation, stress, genetic predispositions, and low vagal tone, which can impair neurotransmitter release and lead to muted stress responses. Chronic stress and trauma can exacerbate these issues, potentially leading to glucocorticoid resistance and systemic inflammation. The gut microbiome's response to stress and the breakdown and reabsorption rates of neurotransmitters also play significant roles in maintaining balance. Clinicians often treat related conditions with SSRIs and Benzodiazepines, which affect GABA and serotonin levels. However, artificially altering GABA levels can have adverse effects, such as depression or symptoms similar to bipolar disorder. Supplements like valerian root, kava kava, and L-theanine, as well as certain amino acids, foods, and essential oils, can boost GABA levels, but their effectiveness varies based on the underlying issue. Medications like gabapentin and benzodiazepines increase GABA activity, while stimulants and certain medications can decrease it. ADHD medications, for instance, alter glutamate and GABA levels, potentially leading to reduced secretion due to overexcitation. SSRIs may increase GABA in individuals with depression, but defective receptors or signal transmission issues could negate the effects. Moderate activation of glutamatergic neurons is beneficial for learning and cognitive function, but excessive challenge or long-term exposure can lead to inflammation and stress response activation. Stress and anxiety can impair learning and information retention, with chronic stress activation linked to high glutamate levels. Glutamate antagonists, as well as substances like taurine, ashwagandha, chamomile tea, and bee pollen, can influence these neurotransmitter levels. Neurotransmitters interact in complex ways, and altering one can impact others, including cortisol and hormones. Transdiagnostic assessment is vital for brain recovery. CBD oil, which interacts with the cytochrome P450 enzyme, may alter the effectiveness of other medications, highlighting the importance of consulting a doctor before combining treatments. The broader context of treatment choices, including the 'big five' neurotransmitters and their regulation of bodily functions, must be considered.
Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes' presentation delves into the complex world of neurotransmitters, particularly