20 Ways Trauma Impacts Your Brain: The HPA Axis, Anxiety and Depression
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The content segments discuss the neurobiological impact of psychological trauma on the HPA axis (hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis), which is our threat response system. The presenter emphasizes that trauma affects individuals differently and at different times. They explain that trauma can lead to physical abnormalities similar to those found in traumatic brain injury, indicating that physiological changes can occur as a result of trauma. Children are more vulnerable to the impact of trauma due to their age and limited experiences. People who have experienced prior traumas are more likely to have stronger reactions to subsequent traumas. Social support within the first 24 hours of a traumatic event is crucial for helping individuals process and cope with the trauma. The signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reflect the body's normal adaptations to the traumatic experience. Excessive cortisol release during times of stress can lead to imbalances in glucose and insulin levels in the body. Chronic stress can cause HPA axis hyperactivation, leading to consistently high levels of cortisol. Dysfunctional activation of the HPA axis can lead to abnormal immune system responses and increased inflammation. Fatigue is an emotion generated in the brain to prevent harm to the body when further exertion could be damaging. Having a clear endpoint or goal can help individuals cope with fatigue and continue their journey towards recovery. Low cortisol levels have been associated with more severe PTSD symptoms. There are neurochemical changes associated with trauma and PTSD, including abnormal regulation of catecholamines, serotonin, amino acids, peptides, and opioid neurotransmitters. Ketamine, a medication that blocks NMDA receptors, has shown interesting effects in redirecting the energy of the HPA axis. Individuals with PTSD may be more reactive to emotional stimuli, even if they are unrelated to the trauma they experienced. Various therapeutic approaches and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are crucial for HPA axis regulation. Early intervention and providing skills to handle emotional dysregulation are important, as many people are exposed to adverse childhood experiences. Recognizing that not every trauma causes traumatic injury is important, as different experiences impact individuals differently.
The content segments discuss the neurobiological impact of psychological trauma on the HPA axis (hyp